Into Unscientific

"...Look at which energy level you can capture that particle!"

When Atsuto Suzuki said these words, there was even a faint hint of sternness on his face.

as if

A gene buried in the blood was switched on.

If someone compares the photos of the war criminal Suzuki Keihisa at this time, they will find that the two look fierce like one person.

It's just that unlike Suzuki Keihisa, today's Suzuki Atsuto can no longer wantonly kill people on this land like his ancestors did.

"."

After Atsuto Suzuki came up with the idea.

The chubby Nima beside him changed his face for a moment, gritted his teeth decisively, and was the first to raise his hand:

"I agree with Mr. Suzuki's thoughts."

Unlike other bigwigs on the scene, Nima, who is only 42 years old now, is in the period of rapid rise in scientific research status.

And his research field is not purely theoretical like that of Witten, and he has made a lot of achievements in the reductionism of the particle field.

Many people think that he may become the second Leo James Rainwater, bringing great changes to theoretical physics.

In other words, his research direction is more likely than Witten to achieve practical results and win the Nobel Prize.

But because of Nima's special background—this can be seen from his surname, he needs a lot of impressive resumes in addition to his achievements in order to win the Nobel Prize.

This kind of implicit racial discrimination has become more and more common in the scientific research circle these years, especially after Comrade Jianguo came to power, many talents were forced back

This is why Nima has often appeared in various lectures and conferences these years.

But if there is a problem with the calculation process of the 'Pluto' particle today, then there will be a huge stain on Nima's resume.

Although this kind of stain is a bit embarrassing for Higgs, Te Hooft and others, it will not affect their status too much, after all, they won the Nobel Prize first.

But for Nima, the younger generation, the negative impact will be very big.

Assuming that in that year, Nima produced results of similar value to others, and the Nobel Prize was awarded 50 to 50 to everyone, then this stain may directly lead to the tilt of the balance.

because

This is the home of the academy.

You can fail in Europe, you can fail in Australia, you can even fail in Africa.

But it can't fail in Asia or, to be precise, in China.

So after Atsuto Suzuki proposed the idea of ​​determining the energy level to retrieve particles, Nima was the first to agree.

This is his last chance.

If the energy level data and physical phenomena can support the calculation results of him and several others, then at most it is the fault of some unoptimized loopholes in the mathematical parameters.

That is, due to some unknown reason, the physical results do not match the mathematical calculations.

In this way.

Everyone can end up relatively calmly - except for the Academy of Sciences.

This should be the most ideal result, and all parties are happy.

But if the physical results support the calculation results of the Academy of Sciences group.

Then this press conference will become the real ascendance of the Academy of Sciences.

Nima and the rest of the people will all become dry bones below the long steps.

Think here.

Nima's chubby body trembled subconsciously a few times.

If so, it would be terrible

While Nima was in deep thought, several other bigwigs also agreed with Atsuto Suzuki's idea.

Of course.

The reason for their choice is not as realistic as Nima, it is more out of the investigation of the truth - this is not to say how open-minded they are, but because of their status, there is no need to consider what Nima is worried about those questions.

After reaching a consensus.

Wei Teng walked to the edge of the data center and began to calculate the energy level of the particle.

The concept of energy level generally describes the energy generated when particles collide, and the feedback of this value on properties is its mass.

This point is not difficult to see from the unit that describes the particle.

The mass of particles is generally expressed in MeV, on the order of million electron volts, read as mega electron volts.

It is a unit of energy and a unit of mass.

For example, we use MeV to describe the energy level of a certain particle collision, but when describing the mass of this particle, we still use MeV.

Just like describing the masters of readers, it can be said that the height of the masters is 180 cm, and it can also be said that you are 18 cm long.

As for MeV, it is GeV, which is one billion electron volts.

1GeV is equal to 1000MeV.

well known.

Generally speaking, the first principles cannot be used to calculate the mass of particles. It is actually very difficult to predict the mass of particles theoretically.

But on the other hand.

Since it is difficult, it means that although the probability of this event is very low, it is not zero.

In fact.

Up to now.

Among the elementary particles, there are indeed two kinds of particles whose masses are predicted by theory.

These are the W and Z bosons.

The entire calculation process was deduced by Weinberg, who converted the vacuum expectation value of the particle and the coupling strength of the two weak interactions into two experimentally measurable parameters, the Fermi constant GF, and, and the weak mixing angle, and finally obtained the two particles quality.

At present, the previous research has also broken through the calculation of hadron mass, but there has been no authoritative public opinion on the intrinsic mass, and the controversy is still relatively large.

Considering that the following content involves the concept of energy level, here is a brief science popularization.

In the current particle model, the mass of an electron is 0.551 MeV, which is considered a relatively light particle.

A positively charged proton is 938.3 MeV and an uncharged neutron is 939.6 MeV.

Protons and neutrons are not fundamental particles, but are made of quarks and gluons through strong interactions.

At low energies, protons and neutrons can be regarded as composite particles composed of three component quarks.

A proton is two up quarks and a down quark, and a neutron is an up quark and two down quarks.

The up quark and down quark have similar masses, 3MeV and 5MeV respectively, and some models can increase it to 10MeV at most.

Seeing this, some students may feel strange:

its not right.

In proportion, quarks account for only 2% of the mass of protons, and gluons have no mass.

Then why do textbooks say that protons are made of quarks?

the reason is simple.

The quark mass here is called the flow quark mass, that is, the mass obtained by the quark after the electroweak symmetry is broken.

in strong interactions.

Quarks pass through by acquiring an effective mass that is large compared to the mass of the stream, also called the constituent mass.

The effective mass of the up and down quarks is about 300 MeV, and the three up and down quarks add up to close to 900 MeV, which is the weight of neutrons and protons.

If you feel that this concept is a bit brain-intensive, it doesn't matter. It has been several years for the big names in the physics world to accept this concept.

Rounding it up, you're on top of your game in physics.

Except for quarks.

The masses of muon and tauon are 106MeV and 1.78GeV respectively, and these two particles can easily decay into electrons and neutrinos.

The mass of the Higgs particle is 125GeV, and the masses of the propagators W and Z of the electroweak interaction are 80 and 91 GeV, respectively.

Alright, let's go back to where we started.

all in all.

The Fermi surface data calculated by several groups before was prepared for this stage.

So at this point, the calculation process does not need to be done manually.

Witten entered the data with ease, while Higgs and the others assisted in the verification.

"The width of the .QT state is less than 2MeV"

". The summation rule of the internal quark distribution function is the summation rule ∫01dx[u(x)u(x)]=2"

".Flow quality upper order coefficient 0.888"

"Chi Chi Chi Chi."

The particle mass calculation algorithm of the Aurora system is the same as that of Weinberg, that is, a model is constructed through the Fermi surface data, and then the mathematical value is corrected into a specific result.

Take building a house as an example.

The Fermi surface data calculated by Xu Yun and the others before is cement, and now the Aurora system is equivalent to a bricklayer.

The job of a bricklayer is to build a house with cement and bricks, and the final form of the house is the mass of the particles.

Note, theoretical mass.

This moment.

With the discovery of the turning point, the original attacks on Xu Yun or the Academy of Sciences group on the major platforms have also become much smaller.

Of course.

This is only a temporary situation, and once the experiment proves that Atsuto Suzuki and his data are correct, these trolls will set off another carnival.

Didi--

five minutes later.

The calculated particle masses of the other eight groups except the Academy of Sciences group are displayed on the data terminal:

[11.4514GeV].

This is a moderate value, neither too high nor too low.

Among the existing subatomic particles, there are probably more than 300, and there are many "grains" heavier or lighter than this.

Although the mass of the particle is not directly related to the existence of the particle, a moderate number is obviously more reassuring.

Then Weiteng entered the data of the Academy of Sciences group.

this time.

The calculation time of the Aurora system is slightly longer.

It took more than ten minutes before it showed the result:

【923.8 GeV】.

after the data appears.

There was silence for a few seconds, and then there was another humming whisper.

Atsuto Suzuki, who was standing in the first row, couldn't help laughing out loud when he saw this:

"923.8GeV hahaha. Kouminase, Kouminase."

Although Nima next to him didn't show any obvious expressions, his expression was obviously relaxed a lot.

Indeed.

After calculating the corresponding particle energy level, it is necessary to capture the value experimentally to determine the authenticity of the value.

But on the other hand.

As said above,

At present, although it is difficult for the physics community to achieve specific mass calculations, it is much easier to lock the interval of position particles.

For example the Higgs particle.

Before the Higgs particle was officially captured, the physics community roughly deduced its mass range:

The lower limit is 117.4GeV, and the upper limit is 132.6GeV.

So a particle, even if it is an undiscovered particle, must obey the basic rules in some properties.

The heaviest particle so far was discovered in 2019. A top quark with a weight of 173.1±2.1 GeV was found in the collision recorded by the ATLAS detector.

It is also the heaviest particle so far.

Therefore, a particle with a mass exceeding 300 or even reaching 923.8 GeV is really challenging the existing physical cognition.

at the same time.

Seeing the huge number on the screen, Carlo Rubbia, the head of CERN in the fourth row of the press conference, suddenly twitched his facial muscles.

This number faintly evoked some not-so-good memories for him.