Super Tech Powerhouse

In Hailan Pao City, although the most tense time for the liquidation was nearly a week later, from time to time, a military vehicle can be seen on the street escorting the gray-haired Soviet old man to the Hailan Pao investigation committee. If convicted, age will not be a barrier to law enforcement.

The Far East Command, General Huo Weiguo, is exchanging views with Deputy Chief Commander Chen Cheng on some current military and political matters.

"Lao Huo, this Japanese has been here for almost two days, but they have indicated that they want to see you. Don't ask me to go, I will never go."

Chen Cheng looked at Huo Weiguo with a smile, and he must be unwilling to change this chore. He felt that compared with Huo Weiguo, his enemies with the Japanese came deeper.

If he was allowed to entertain and negotiate with the Japanese, it would be almost his death.

"If they want to see, we promise, it doesn't seem to be very identityless, huh." Huo Weiguo poured two glasses of rice wine from the rice wine cup next to him, handed a glass to Chen Cheng, picked up a glass of fine wine, "Xiao San What happened ten years ago, I still remember very well.

In November 1917, Fukuoka, Japan, at that time, I was still a poor student who supported the education of the non-commissioned school by selling candy gourds. I still remember that day, it was raining, but I had no living expenses, so I could only make money by selling some sugarcane gourds.

A group of Japanese dragons from the Black Dragon Club besieged me. They had that kind of rib knife. I had only a short dagger in my hand. This position on my waist was damaged and the two other Ronin were stabbed by me.

I thought I was going to die, but someone who had no idea of ​​me saved me. "

"Mr. Cai?" Chen Cheng said tentatively.

"Well, it is Minister Cai, Minister of Defense. At that time, Minister Cai failed in a frustrated way and went to Japan to cure illness. He just lived in Fukuoka and saved me. Otherwise, Huo Weiguo has already been thrown into the river by Japanese rogues. Into a corpse of the sinking bottom. "

Chen Cheng shook his head and said, "I have heard these things for the first time. I only know that Minister Cai found you a good seed then. Among the third-year Huaxia Military Academy students, Lao Huo also performed extremely eye-catchingly."

"Yeah, Lao Chen, you took the troops and the Japanese to fight fiercely during the Beijing-Tianjin campaign, and hate is not shared. Now that your old friend is here, you naturally refuse to meet. We soldiers are no better than politics. Most of them are rectums. "Huo Weiguo laughed at himself, and the Japanese military exchange team leader was actually Ishihara Waner. When he heard the news, he almost pulled out his gun.

Frankly speaking, the damage the Japanese caused to China may be limited to Tianjin and Northeast China, but this is enough. The Japanese war of aggression against China was already the climax of the Chinese people ’s national shame for a hundred years, but Ishihara Waner escaped a disaster in the Sino-Japanese armistice negotiations of that year.

The Japanese temporarily saved these culprits with concessions in several major interests and war compensation. At that time, the incident was in the middle of a dispute. After reporting it to Zhang Shusheng, Zhang Shusheng resolutely decided to temporarily let go of these stink dog-like devils. However, these people were able to escape, and most of the other war criminals were tried by a war court established by the Chinese side.

In the words of Zhang Shusheng internally, "Good or bad, let them jump around for a few years. Against bad people, you can't count on killing them once, especially when your strength is not enough to kill the other party. You should take a book of debts, When it comes to calculating the general ledger, none of them will run away, and one day we will try to guilty of them in the emperor's palace. "

For a long time, Huo Weiguo said, "Let Qu Zhongyi go. This boy, I can see my shadow in that year. Disobey, lose heart, and be good at forbearance. In that year, his boy was lurking in the Northeast Camp for so long. In the end, he also successfully broke through with his troops and pulled a hill to beat the devil. This kid is a personal talent. "

"Yeah, I'm impressed by this kid. The Major General of the Eighth Army No. 88 Division is basically enough. The commander of the Eighth Army Zheng Zhinan also asked me when to deal with Japanese devils." Chen Cheng nodded, This Qu Zhongyi had the courage and conspiracy to let him go to work with the Japanese military exchange team.

Later in the day, outside the Hailan Pao, the Eighth Army Command.

The 88th division commander Qu Zhongyi quickly walked into the headquarters and saw that the commander had been waiting for him for a long time. He secretly said that he would not be fighting.

"report!"

"Come in."

Zheng Zhinan looked at Qu Zhongyi, a major in his thirties who was in front of him.

"Commander, are you going to attack?" Qu Zhongyi asked with a smile.

"It's time to fight, but before the big battle, there is a small battle. Sit down and say slowly." Zheng Zhinan raised his tea, pointed to the cigarette on the table, and motioned to him casually.

Zheng Zhinan: "You should have heard about the ghost entering the city."

"Well, I heard, what military exchange team I heard came to ask for help. We in the Far East, Chen Bing, have more than half a million troops, claiming to be 800,000 military forces. On the left side of the Far East battlefield, they are staring at each other. The Japanese say it's military exchange, I'm afraid it can't wait. "

As the commander of the National Defense Forces, Qu Zhongyi has a more strategic vision. The origin of Guizi's military exchange team can still guess, "Guizi's national strength is waning, and he lacks a sufficient strategic space for him to display his ambitions. Compared to The Germans implemented an appeasement policy throughout Europe and even Africa and Central Asia to form the Nazi Corps. Compared to the British who settled in the colonies and formed the Commonwealth Allied Forces. Compared to the Americans who invested in training the armed forces of the Americas and other regions, the Japanese In the occupied areas, only North Korea was available for them to play, and there were guerrillas all over Southeast Asia. Indonesians were more obedient, but their combat effectiveness was too low.

They long for a big victory to prove their strength. If the Far East Allied Forces composed of the Soviet Union and the Americans are completely defeated, the large-scale appeasement policy of the Japanese in North Korea and parts of Southeast Asia will be smoother. At the same time, this move can also ease many crises in Japan. "

After Zheng Zhinan listened, he couldn't help tapping his palm three times, and laughed, "Very well, these analyses are very reasonable. Since you have this understanding, then Commander Huo and Vice President Chen did not read the wrong person. Huo Shang You will be named in person, and you will be the military representative to deal with the Japanese. "

Qu Zhongyi: "..."

...

On the third day, a police fortress outside Hailan Pao City, Qu Zhongyi was accompanied by a group of Japanese devils to visit and exchange.

"Ladies and gentlemen, the problems facing our Dongfang Army are very serious. Like Hailan Pao, there are Soviet people in all parts of the country. Just distracting them and distracting them will take up a lot of our strength. They may be at any time. Promote a larger b.

However, according to the agreement between China, Germany, and Japan, we will launch an offensive in the Far East that can change the battlefield pattern. However, this size and specific battle plan have not yet been finalized. "

In addition to Major General Gao Sheng, deputy chief of staff of the Frontier Army, the main narrator accompanying this time was Qu Zhongyi. Because of the confidentiality of military exchanges, only the important members of Guizi's military exchange group were visited, and Ishihara Waner was the leader.

In the explanation, Qu Zhongyi deliberately did not look at them, but stared at the distant fortifications, but deep inside was extremely impatient. This communication with the little devil made him extremely uncomfortable. However, he still remembers what the group commander Zheng Zhinan said. To completely defeat your enemy, first let him relax his vigilance against you.

Therefore, he tried his best patience and flickered these Japanese devils.

The first was the current Major General of the National Defense Army who secretly went north to form a guerrilla coalition in the Northeast and hit devils everywhere. One was that he participated in the planning of the war of aggression against China that year, although he did not personally command it, but left a filthy amount of active Japanese officers in the history of aggression against China. The meeting between the two sides was doomed to be embarrassing. Of course, Qu Zhongyi's heart was even more angry, and Ishihara's heart was extremely complicated.

At that time, opponents who thought that they could be defeated within a few months. After more than ten years, the opponent might even defeat the Great Japanese Empire for several months. This fact was cruel, but it was true.

Ishihara nodded his head. His Chinese is actually very fluent, and he did n’t need a Japanese military interpreter to intervene. He said, "We admire the powerful combat capabilities of the Chinese people. The great things you have achieved in Central Asia and Siberia The results of the game have shocked us, and we are also very happy, because this is the victory of our allies. "

"Mr. Ishihara is polite, haha."

Although Qu Zhongyi said this, his heart was scolded, "Go to your mother, and now you see our powerful fighting power. When hundreds of thousands of devils in the 33 years of war haven't even found their mother, can it be? Forgot? At that time, the squadron was very easy to deal with your army of devils. I am also glad that we want to help you win, and let the middlemen fight to death. "

Ishihara nodded slightly and continued: "At present we have a very large number of troops in the Far East. General Qu should know that the terrain of the Far East is narrow. If your army can launch a violent attack from the left, the Japanese Empire will have more than 2 million The army will destroy the Soviet resistance in one fell swoop. "

"The performance of your army is obvious to all. We believe that the defeat of the Soviets and Americans is only a matter of time." Qu Zhongyi said haha.

Ishihara Waner secretly said that this man seemed to have a normal attitude, but in fact had been shirk, and whenever he mentioned key issues, he left Gu Zuoyan.

"How many troops does your army plan to use to attack the Soviet left?"

"Sorry, this is a military secret, but we will definitely keep our promises." Qu Zhongyi said with a smile, but secretly said in his heart, rest assured, this time will make you happy.

The Far East Front's combat meeting has already reached the division level, and Qu Zhongyi naturally knew the next rough combat plan, because there was no special secret content in itself.

No results were found, and the senior generals of the Chinese army refused to meet because of physical discomfort. Shiyuan Guaner also knew that the war of aggression against China caused the Chinese people's aversion.

At this time, in his mind, there was no idea of ​​invading China anymore. In his opinion, it was the most practical way to use the Chinese to allow the empire to win the war at an early date.

So he didn't ask much, just said, "General Qu, that seems like a barracks? I don't know Ishihara is not honored, go to your military barracks to visit?"

Qu Zhongyi: "This is not a problem at all, but Qu needs to apply to the leader of the front. However, the two main commanders are currently unwell and our army is disciplined. Without the orders of the two commanders, no one can bring in outsiders. Heavy barracks. "

"Anyway, I just admire the combat effectiveness of your army. I want to admire it a little closer. Since there are more inconveniences, then forget it." The old and sly Ishihara Waner stepped down from the situation and continued watching.

More than an hour later, when Qu Zhongyi and the Japanese military exchange team were sent away, he said, "I hope that your army can uphold the tradition, and I worship the God of Nomu Noh. The dying of the Soviets struggled to defeat them completely and achieve greater results. "

"I also admire Lord Nogi very much. By General Qu's words, we will be victorious in Gongqingcheng." Ishihara smiled with a deep smile and left. Next, it will be led by the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Frontier Army and the Japanese military exchange team to communicate some offensive coordination issues.

After Ishihara smiled, Qu Zhongyi went to the headquarters command to report, and mentioned a bit, "The sentence when Ishihara smiled when I left made me see something ridiculous. The Japanese were actually afraid that we would occupy the Gongqingcheng and fight. It's ridiculous to think carefully about breaking through the defensive line at an early date and to win the battle. "

"The devil also bears the burden of humiliation. In order for us to be cannon fodder, the deputy chief of staff of the military department did not even see me and Lao Chen. However, in my opinion, letting Xiao Qu go is a high standard treatment. Huo Weiguo said with a smile. This military exchange group is purely funny. If the Germans did not try to match it in, the ghost's military exchange group wouldn't think about it.

After all, the Germans and Japanese, despite accepting the results of the Hanking Conference, still hope to see a breakthrough victory in the Far East.

Chen Cheng laughed. "Let the Japanese wish their wishful thinking first. When the offensive begins, they will be pleasantly surprised."

"Lao Chen, you should be surprised and not happy, hahaha ..."

Huo Weiguo laughed, looking at the calendar on the table, and it was only a night before the attack began.

At the same time, in Hailan Pao, a guest house where the Japanese military exchange team stayed at their own expense, the group's deputy leader Abe Zhenmin was discussing the military exchange with the group leader Ishihara Waner.

"Ishihara-kun, it seems that we have come here for nothing. The Chinese are very cunning and even very rude. This is a big departure from our expectations." Abe Shinmin said angrily. In his opinion, Great Japan The Empire was able to put down its face and take the initiative to put forward military exchange opinions to spur a joint military offensive that would start next, but the Chinese did not appreciate it.

In his opinion, in the capacity and status of Ishihara, the chief commander and deputy commander of the other side should receive it personally. As a result, he actually sent a small teacher to arrange a beautiful name called "Military Observation Day Trip" even after the end, which made him feel that the martial King Qiankun made the sacred king will kill the **** and seal the throne of the night and seek the demon world. The Nine Emperor ’s Strongest Abandoned the Shao Zhou Emperor Will Kill the God of the Seal of the Night and Seeking Demon Pride of the World The Nine Emperor ’s Strongest Abandoned the Shao Da Zhou Emperor ’s Throne of God to Seek the Pride of the World The **** of creation will kill the **** of the night, the throne of the seal of the god, and seek the demon, the world ’s strongest.

"Abejun, ten years ago, we once entered the Chinese country and also did some more radical things. Their rudeness was in my expectation."

Ishihara Waner said, "The Chinese claim to be the state of etiquette, but in my opinion, these are all ill-mannered gifts. The reason why we consider the success or failure of this" Mount Fuji's light "battle plan is to build the Chinese people. In their huge desire for Soviet territory, we must know that in the Far East, a large area of ​​territory was once Chinese.

As long as the Chinese are willing to launch an attack of over 200,000 people from the left, which is very easy for their 800,000 troops, then it will be very helpful to our frontal attack. The attack of 200,000 people on the left and the Chinese offensive ability will be equivalent to sharing 500,000 Soviet troops for us.

At that time, all Chinese soldiers will die, and our frontal casualties will be reduced.

Originally, I also wanted to propose that the empire send a heavy army through the Chinese occupation area to launch an attack from the left, but the Chinese firmly refused. "

Abe Shinmin: "Ishihara Jun has studied in depth the war more than ten years ago. Do you think, combining our intelligence and the actual situation we see in places such as Hailanpao, what is the actual combat effectiveness of the squadron?"

"Hard to say."

Ishihara smiled and shook his head, a hint of confusion flashed in his eyes, "The squadron's combat effectiveness is naturally very strong. Their comprehensive combat effectiveness should be above that of the emperor. In terms of combat courage, the Sino-Japanese war of the year has been proven.

In terms of officers and soldiers' combat capabilities, their commanders have received modern system military education. The Huaxia Military Academy is even known as the First Military Academy in Asia. The soldiers are also very well trained and have already caught up with the best of the empire.

In terms of weapons and equipment, I was very puzzled.

From the information point of view, the squadron has a considerable number of advanced weapons, not to mention the number, at least many types. However, the weapon we saw in Hyram was not as advanced as we thought.

In terms of individual weapons.

In terms of firearms, they were able to match semi-automatic weapons, fully automatic weapons, and old-fashioned rifles in 1933. Nowadays, they are only fully equipped with semi-automatic weapons. They have not fully realized full automation as I imagined. According to their national development level, there is no problem at all.

In terms of auxiliary combat equipment, although they made progress, they did not surprise me.

The configuration of these weapons, such as the beach, howitzer, flamethrower, and flat-fired artillery, has just become popular. Although Empire also has rocket launcher technology and grenade gun technology, they are not equipped with a large amount of equipment. The Chinese have a developed economy and it is normal to have these weapons. A comprehensive hunting suit was achieved, but it was not surprising.

In terms of armor strength, it was really bright.

Even the empire has developed a relatively strong armored force that can sell mountain tanks to the Chinese of the empire in large quantities and has developed relatively quickly. The No. 2 tank, which was at an advanced level all over the world ten years ago, is now standard equipment, and the more advanced No. 3 Tiger tank they installed, once again lead the world after ten years.

These weapons and equipment, although we did not approach the observation along the way, but we can see a rough.

Looking at the navy and air force that they have already entered into war, I always have a doubt. "

"Maybe Ishihara's opinion is the same as mine. The Chinese have hidden strength, and the strength they have exposed is just enough to occupy an advantage at this stage, not an overwhelming advantage." Abe Zhenmin said himself the opinion of.

"Yes, the Chinese have hidden their truest power. Their war in three directions seems to be a lightning attack. In fact, they do not want to occupy too many places at one time, but step by step to engulf the Soviets. "Ishihara smiled with a gleam in his eyes." I have a hunch. Perhaps in the next large-scale war, the Chinese will feel the world will not be simply powerful now. At that time, they gave people It may be ... invincible! "

...

On April 29, 1944, with the strong promotion of Germany, Japan and Germany transferred various interests, and China officially launched a military offensive, coded "Light of Friendship," in the Far East in accordance with its commitments.

As the Japanese and the Germans expected, the military operation was really vigorous at the beginning. Although it could not be compared with the "Light of Mount Fuji" launched by the Japanese army during the same period, the 200,000 troops also strained the Soviet Union and the United States. line.

Million Japanese troops launched an intensive all-out attack on a relatively narrow frontal battlefield.

What makes the United States and the Soviet Union most nervous is that once the Chinese dispatched the main force of the Far East Army, the Fifth Armored Army, to participate in the offensive, then the result of waiting for the left wing of the US Soviet army was likely to be quickly breached, and then opened a mouth for locusts. The same Japanese army surged in, thus encircling the Komsomolsk defense line.

You know, the United States and the Soviet Union have almost made the largest re-injection of the Far East in the Gongqingcheng defense line. The Gongqingcheng defense line has concentrated 80% of the Soviet Far East, or even north of the Far East. The goal of the two sides is to make the Gongqingcheng The defensive line has become a solid strategic defense line, and it will be night to get respite for counterattacks and more reinforcements.

However, what actually happened has surprised everyone.

The Soviet Union, the Far East, the Brea River, the fifth day after the launch of the 'Light of Friendship' military plan.

In the evening, the 1st Brigade of the 1st Division of the 5th Armored Army of the Far East Front of the Chinese Army finally reached the side of the Brea River. Looking at the rolling water, the tank armored vehicles extinguished, and the air defense forces quickly deployed.

This time, the squadron did not attack as usual. After the advance troops arrived, the engineering units quickly erected bridges to allow the main forces to pass quickly after they arrived. Instead, they destroyed several military floating bridges built by the Soviets.

At this point, China's five-day offensive has successfully disintegrated the two lines of defense set by the Soviets ahead, capturing more than 30,000 Soviet officers and soldiers. The 50,000 Soviet Red Army arranged west of the Breya River to block China's offensive was almost completely destroyed. Annihilation.

Zheng Jianfeng, commander of the First Brigade of the First Division of the Fifth Armored Army, opened the roof of the tank, stood on the tank, looked at the Brea River across the road, and ordered loudly, "Stop the offensive, cooperate with the fraternal forces and dig trenches. Build a line of defense !!! "

Behind the Armored 1st Brigade, followed closely by the 88th Division of Mechanized March, the division leader Qu Zhongyi.

After stopping for half an hour on the First Brigade and starting repair work, after finishing the camp, the 88th Division also arrived. Qu Zhongyi even took the armored transport vehicle to the First Brigade.

"Mr. Zheng, fortunately, haha ​​..."

Qu Zhongyi stepped forward, shook hands with Zheng Jianfeng, who jumped off the tank to welcome him, and pointed at the opposite side of the river. "The Soviets were frightened, but we didn't expect that we were just rivers. Wait for the Air Force to greet them. We, here, dig trenches and build lines of defense. "

"Yeah, the five-day battle finally reached our strategic destination ahead of time. The main defense line of the Gongqingcheng is less than a hundred kilometers away. We also used marches as an excuse to indirectly occupy some of the Japanese occupations along the way. They were forced to retreat. In this way, the Soviet and Japanese chariots were compressed again, and they would not be able to fight a war of attrition. "

Zheng Jianfeng said with anticipation.

Qu Zhongyi laughed: "After our compression, the battlefield space has shrunk again. As long as we build a solid line of defense and guard against the two sides, the three parties will fight desperately in the narrow Komsomolsk defense line. The standard of a battlefield meat grinder. "

"Of course, the Soviet Union is huge, and without compressing their battlefield space, neither side will launch a decisive battle. But now, the Far East meat grinder will be more veritable than before, the Soviets have dug trenches, and now wait for the Japanese to dig. Trenches, squatting trenches in the battle of attrition. "

Zheng Jianfeng laughed aloud.

Qu Zhongyi climbed into the tank and shouted, "Brothers, I'm Qu Zhongyi, 88th division commander. Now, on behalf of Commander Zheng Zhinan, and on behalf of the Eastern Front Command, I ask everyone to start excavating the trenches immediately. We will be in the future. Here, don't go. "

May 5, 1944.

Just when the United States and the Soviet Union were so nervous, they dreamed that the Chinese armored army would cross the last line of the Brea River and launch a full-scale attack on the defense line of the Gongqingcheng.

Just as the Japanese are looking forward to it, all combat operations must mention the Chinese's left attack. All commanders are looking forward to it, waiting for the Chinese to occupy the vast territory of East China and to win the Communist Youth League as soon as possible. Violent attack on the left side of the defense line of Komsomolsk.

The squadron stopped moving forward!

The Chinese Defense Forces and the East Front Army stopped their advancement in an all-round way, building a comprehensive defense line at the border between the most important Breya River defense line and the Sino-Japanese occupation area. The Fifth Armored Army's most powerful force, the Fifth Armored Group Army, cooperated with the defense as a mobile force and moved around behind the line of defense, ready to support the Breya River line of defense at any time.

At the same time, China announced that there had been multiple b-actions provoked by the 'Hyalamya conspiracy' in the newly-occupied areas of the Far East, and 'a large number of troops were forced to relocate to the b-mobile area to suppress Soviet insurgents'. The army relied on the 'strong block' of the defense line of the Brea River, and in addition to 'heavy losses', it was forced to build a defense line and turn the offense into defense.

In the announcement to Japan and Germany, China frankly acknowledged that the defense forces of the Far East had only 24 divisions and were not sufficient to continue to attack the left side of the defense line of the Communist Youth League under the condition that 'multiple occupied areas are unstable.' The natural advantage of the Brea Line of Defense also prevented the rapid advance of armored forces.

Although, the reality is that China took the initiative to stop, giving the Soviets a chance to breathe.

In order to appease the sentiments of Japan and Germany, the CSI, any military action on the left side of the defense line of the Komsomolsk, including offensive, breakout, circuitous operations, and possible support from northern Siberia, will be heroic The warlike Chinese Defence Forces decisively stopped.

Opposite the river is the panicked Soviet Red Army. When they saw the Chinese building a line of defense, the Soviets were very grateful. General Commander Marshal Timothy, commander of the Soviet Far East Battlefield, and General Barton, commander of the US Far East Battlefield, jointly issued orders and orders The coalition forces built a strong line of defense on the east side of the Brea River, and exercised restraint to reduce provocative behavior and must block possible Chinese attacks.

The Japanese and German sides had to accept this fact after the initial shock.

Surprisingly, given the importance of the Brea River on the entire battlefield, Japan and Germany did not overreact to the Chinese conspiracy.

On the contrary, in their view, as long as the Chinese can block the support from northern Siberia or the breakouts and detours of the Soviets, it will be beneficial to the entire battle.

At this time, neither the Germans nor the Japanese saw the next tragic situation.

Because, until the second month after the launch of the Mt. Fuji's light plan, when the one million Japanese army's comprehensive offensive was again blocked by the Soviets relying on a solid line of defense, the Japanese found that victory was out of reach.

A year ago, they even occupied Komsomolsk, at that time, the Soviets were equally defensive. But this time, with more determined defenses and strong support from the Americans, the Japanese found that the breakthrough of the defense line on the battlefield always stayed at 'advancing hundreds of meters' and 'being countered several hundred meters' was helpless. On the loop.

No army is willing to fight the war of attrition ~ www.wuxiaspot.com ~ and no commander is willing to plunge their forces into the unlimited meat grinder of the position war meat grinder.

However, in terms of armored strength, air strength, and individual weapon strength, the Japanese and the Soviet and American coalition forces across were all in the middle.

At this time, Japanese talents discovered that it was a huge mistake to prevent the landing of the US military in order to conserve naval strength and not launch a second decisive battle at sea.

And they also found that the sly Chinese people seemed to surround the Soviets on the left and defend the Soviets. In fact, they depended on the fortifications built to surround the Soviets and themselves on the narrow Komsomolsk defense line.

As a result, the Japanese were forced to begin to build a line of defense, hoping to eventually advance into the Communist Youth City in a trenching manner.

At this point, a two-year-old battle for the giant meat grinder in the Far East has officially begun. For two years, the Chinese side has always kept its promises. It has never crossed the thunder pool and never let out any Soviet soldier. Not to mention any Soviet army who came to support it.

However, the fact is that the three parties, the United States, Japan, and the Soviet Union, were forced to cut meat step by step on the defense line of the Communist Youth League, and daily casualties made the Soviet and German battlefields inferior. !! ~!