The Rise of the European Emperor

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In a previous life, Marin mixed the forum and saw such a set of data——

When the wind is down: the efficiency of the longitudinal sail (using the wind) is 65%, and the efficiency of the horizontal sail is 85%;

Headwind: 45% efficiency for longitudinal sails, 25% for horizontal sails;

In cross wind: the efficiency of longitudinal sail is 62.5%, and the efficiency of cross sail is 62.5%;

That is, when the wind is down, the horizontal sail is 30% more efficient than the vertical sail. But when the wind is headed, a longitudinal sail is 80% more efficient than a horizontal sail. When the wind is coming from the side, that is, the crosswind, the efficiency of the two sails is the same.

Now, European ships are mainly popular with horizontal sails. If you use a horizontal sail, it only takes a little more than a month to return to Emden Port from New York in North America, because of the downwind and the warm current of the North Atlantic. From Emden to New York, it will take more than three months because of the headwind and the current.

However, if it is changed to a schooner, the efficiency of the schooner is 80% higher than that of the horizontal sail when the wind is up, and the speed is naturally much faster. It originally took more than three months from Emden to New York, but now it is estimated that it will take more than one and a half months to arrive in New York. This saves a lot of time.

Of course, under the command of Marin, the ship still prepared a crossbar and a spare sail for the sail. In this way, when the downwind time is long (such as returning from New York), the crossbar is hung and the sail is mainly used. If the headwind is dominant or the wind direction needs to be changed frequently (such as a long-distance voyage in the north-south direction), the crossbar is removed and the upper edge gaff sail is raised instead to make full use of the wind from all sides.

In this way, the vessel has the ability to cope with the characteristics of different wind zones and sea areas. However, in the summer season when strong storms are likely to occur, longitudinal sails such as the upper edge gaff sail are mainly used. Why? Because this kind of sail is easy to raise and lower. Once a big storm is encountered, the sails can be lowered quickly and in time to avoid the storm.

In fact, in ancient times, if the western-style sailboat encountered a storm, the probability of an accident was much higher than that of the Chinese sailboat. Because it is very troublesome to tuck the sails of Western-style cross-boats, and it is necessary for the sailor to climb up the mast and tuck the sails from the bottom up.

But storms often come quickly, and sailors sometimes encounter storms before they can climb the mast. In a storm, the bigger the sail, the more powerful the storm will be. With such a large area of ​​sails, it can easily be swept away by storms, causing the ship's sailing ship to die.

Moreover, when the storm comes, it is often accompanied by heavy rain. Once it rains, the mast becomes slippery. Back then, even climbing the mast was dangerous for sailors. If you are not careful, you will fall from the high mast and fall injured or even die...

The Huaxia sailboat is different.

Because it is similar to raising the flag to raise the hard sail. So, if there is a storm, just let the sailor open the slipknot and let down the sail. Even, in an emergency, the rope can be cut with one knife, and the hard sail will be lowered automatically. As long as the sails do not continue to open during the storm, the chances of the ship escaping the storm are greatly increased. Of course, except for super storms like typhoons and hurricanes...

The upper-edge gaff sail made by Marin is also similar to raising the flag by raising the sail together with the upper-edge gutter. In the event of a storm, the sailors untied the ropes directly under the mast and lowered the sails. It is even possible to cut the rope like Huaxia sail.

Therefore, schooners are much more capable of resisting storms than cross-ships. As for the later Skona sailboats (top-edge slanted shear sailboats), the reason why ten of them sank was because the speed of that kind of ship was too fast, and it was too fast to react. It can be seen that most of those sailboats often hit the reef and sank after encountering a storm.

In addition, those Skona sailboats are too long, often 100 or tens of meters long. People run from the stern to the stern. Even if they run with all their strength, it will take more than ten to twenty seconds, let alone the situation in the bow of the boat to be transmitted back to the stern in time. And to avoid the reef, half of it was observed by the observers at the bow, and then relayed back to the stern through the shouting relay.

But in general, the rudder and steering wheel are in the stern part, and the captain is also in the captain's room above the stern. At a distance of 100 and tens of meters, in the absence of a walkie-talkie, it would take a while for the captain to know what happened in front of the bow.

However, the clipper was so fast that it didn't give the captain time to react. In addition, it will take a while to transmit the warning to the stern from the bow of the ship, which is 100 or tens of meters long. Often the captain has just received the previous report and needs to instruct the sailor to turn the steering wheel again. But just a few delays can be fatal...

Moreover, the clipper boat is too thin, and the aspect ratio is as high as 6:1 or more. Plus those Skona clippers tend to have as high as six or seven masts, and sailing at sea is so exciting that you can't avoid rocking from side to side. Under such exciting circumstances, the observers standing on the bow are often dizzy due to the bumps, and mistakes are inevitable...

Of course, that's the case with clippers. And the schooner Marin made was just an ordinary galleon. Not fast, and few masts. When encountering things, it is easy to react, and it is not too late to avoid the reef.

This new type of brig adopts the second-generation hull of the Type 250 armed merchant ship. The so-called second-generation hull of the Type 250 armed merchant ship means that the hull has been improved. The length-to-width ratio has been increased from the original 3.5 to 1 to the later Galen. Boat standard 4 to 1.

The first 20 of the North Sea country's Type 250 armed merchant ships are old-fashioned hulls, all with an aspect ratio of 3.5 to 1. But since the 21st ship, the 4:1 aspect ratio has been used across the board. And the 250-type armed merchant ship with a 4:1 aspect ratio is the so-called second-generation hull...

...

After the transformation, the second-generation Type 250 armed merchant ship has a maximum speed of 10 knots from eight or nine knots, which has reached the normal standard of Galen ships. This time, the new type of brig is also the second-generation hull of the Type 250 armed merchant ship, which is more flexible.

And because of the incomparably superior strong wind capability of the new brig, and the fact that Marin has several colonies in the Americas, there is a great need for such a fast and flexible schooner to communicate with several colonies in the Americas.

Therefore, Marin decided - to rebuild 20 new brigs, dedicated to the communication and transportation between several American colonies.

Today, the total number of 250-class armed merchant ships in Beihai Kingdom has reached 46. Of these, 20 are vintage hulls and 26 are second-generation hulls. The ones used to transform into new brigs are naturally all 250-class armed merchant ships with second-generation hulls.

In fact, although this kind of sailboat can be used alternately with horizontal sails and vertical sails. However, Marin did not intend to do so. why? Due to manpower issues...

After testing, the craftsmen of the North Sea Kingdom were surprised to find that if the brig was used, the entire ship could be operated smoothly with only 10 sailors. This is also because the captain's room needs 2 sailors to turn the steering wheel, and it needs to be replaced. If the steering wheel is improved to be less laborious, there will be no problem with reducing the number of sailors on board to 8.

But if you change back to Hengfan, it will require a lot of manpower. Although there are only two masts, it requires more than 30 sailors...

With such a calculation, if a horizontal sail is used, the same hull requires more than three times the number of sailors... It is very uneconomical...

To be honest, although Marin doesn't have a lot of boats now, he is actively logging in the Americas. Then, tung tree and sumac are also being introduced. When the supply of tung oil and raw lacquer is sufficient in the future, the shipbuilding industry will start to soar. So many ships are launched, and the number of sailors may not be enough...

Therefore, most sailors can be saved if a single-mode schooner is employed. In this way, Marin can arrange the saved sailors on ships that need more manpower. After all, naval warfare requires sufficient manpower. A single naval gun requires 5 to 10 people to operate... Moreover, it is the warships that can really maintain sea power. Only with more warships can sea power be fully maintained...

Moreover, Marin has basically controlled England through means. This is a country rich in pirates in later generations, and even the pirate kingdom is in his own hands, so Marin is even less worried about being threatened at sea.

As for France, Marin will try to find something for them on land, so that the French can focus on fighting on the mainland. In addition, if they really dared to go to America to grab food, Marin wouldn't mind getting some British pirates and killing all the people on the French ship...

As for Spain and Portugal, Marin also arranged for Venice to fight with them. Venice's national strength is already strong, and if the Suez Canal is drilled, it will definitely compete fiercely with Spain and Portugal in the Indian Ocean in the future. At that time, Marin only needs to fan the flames and support whoever is weaker, ensuring that the three seafaring powers are exhausted...

...

Thinking of this, Marin suddenly began to hesitate about the use of this new type of schooner...

Why hesitate? Afraid that others will learn...

This new type of sailboat requires only 10 sailors to operate a boat. If it is learned by France, which lacks sailors, it will definitely greatly promote the French sailing career.

Therefore, Marin finally decided to use this new type of sailboat only in the Americas... At the very least, he has to wait until he dominates the sea and is not afraid of the challenges of other countries before he can bring it back to Europe for use...

However, as for the steering wheel, it can be applied to every sailboat. Of course, the steering wheel system is also to be kept secret. When installing, try to cover it with an outer casing, so that outsiders cannot easily observe it... Let the ships of other countries continue to use the straight rudder stock that requires four strong men to turn. On his own ship, he uses a steering wheel that can be turned by two ordinary strong men. Moreover, the steering wheel will continue to be improved in the future until it can be moved by a sailor...

...

For the new brigs will be used mainly in the Americas, and, as they are now, mainly in North America. Therefore, Marin decided to name this new schooner "North American schooner". At the same time, all the old sailors who are good at manipulating the upper edge gaff sail, as well as the craftsmen who participated in the research and development and improvement, will also be sent to the American colonies by Marin to prevent them from staying in Europe and leaking secrets...\u003c/content\u003e

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